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> How much of this is due to problems with C or C++, and how much is simply due to a lack of other languages for systems programming?

You mean lack of Algol, Mesa, Modula-2, Modula-3, Ada, Oberon, Oberon-2, Component Pascal, Object Pascal, Delphi, .... ?

C became ubiquous when UNIX got adopted as the enterprise OS, slowly replacing the mainframes.

Like JavaScript in browsers or Objective-C in iOS, targeting UNIX meant using C, back in the day companies would pay for UNIX SDKs.

No sane company would buy another compiler when they already had to pay for a C one, the official language.

The other OS vendors started to offer C compilers in their tools to ease the transition between the new UNIX workstations and their other OS.

So alternative saner systems programming languages wither way as C grew stronger and now we are with this problem.



"Lack of other languages" was poorly worded. I'm sorry.

What I meant was that, after the spread of Unix and C, C is the most common systems language in production. (Before the spread of C, I believe assembly was the most common systems language(s).)

I suspect that any systems language would have a bad reputation if it were used (and over-used) as much as C.




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