According to this: http://top10hell.com/top-10-countries-with-most-bicycles-per... (no idea about veracity of that data), Netherlands claimed 16.5 million cyclists cycling 2.5 km/day on average; compared to US with 100 million bicyclists cycling an average of 0.1 km/day.
So if we assume those numbers are right that gives 200 deaths in Netherlands for 15,000 million km cycled per year (16.5 * 2.5 * 365) ; versus US where there were 677 deaths for 3,650 million km (100 * 0.1 * 365).
This makes cycling in US 25 times a dangerous as Netherlands: Netherlands has 1 death per 75 million km cycled while US has a fatality every 5.3 km.
In comparison, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_motor_vehicle_deaths_in... says 1.16 fatalities for cars per 100 million vehicle miles travelled, so one death every 86 million kilometers -- safer than cycling in Netherlands by distance, much safer than cycling.
2011: bicycling deaths in the US: 677 [3]
The deaths in the Netherlands have an interesting distribution. Nearly 2/3 of them are people over 60.
[1] http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/gezondheid-welzijn/publi...
[2] (English) http://bicycledutch.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/road-deaths-...
[3] http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811743.pdf