Even US citizens traveling outside the country, and especially residing outside the country, are on thin fucking ice. No, the US government does not consider itself beholden to any laws when operating on foreign soil. It also doesn't really define any criteria that when met allow it to operate on foreign soil in the first place. As such, you are, in essence, right now a subject of a global American Empire under which you have no rights - not even a right to life or property.
Regardless of how US government departments and agencies may currently behave with respect to foreign soil, the fact is that the Constitution does apply to foreign soil and doesn't magically disappear.
This was made clear in a 1957 Supreme Court ruling, Reid v. Covert:
"At the beginning, we reject the idea that, when the United States acts against citizens abroad, it can do so free of the Bill of Rights. The United States is entirely a creature of the Constitution. Its power and authority have no other source. It can only act in accordance with all the limitations imposed by the Constitution. When the Government reaches out to punish a citizen who is abroad, the shield which the Bill of Rights and other parts of the Constitution provide to protect his life and liberty should not be stripped away just because he happens to be in another land."
"This Court and other federal courts have held or asserted that various constitutional limitations apply to the Government when it acts outside the continental United States. While it has been suggested that only those constitutional rights which are 'fundamental' protect Americans abroad, we can find no warrant, in logic or otherwise, for picking and choosing among the remarkable collection of 'Thou shalt nots' which were explicitly fastened on all departments and agencies of the Federal Government by the Constitution and its Amendments."
