If the site where the form was filled out sets the users' collected info as rather obviously-named Javascript cookies or PHP session vars (i.e. $_SESSION[email]=$_POST[email]), that's one method, no?
Was anything mentioned about the browser used? Maybe when "auto-fill" browser options are enabled for a user there's a way to access that data.
The article author signed up for a demo account after receiving the b2b marketing email containing "a report snapshot for 42Floors.com showing names, companies, and emails of site visitors and the information seemed plausible."
Like the parent, I have no idea how this information could have been obtained. It lists search terms, how could a 3rd party track clicks from SERPs to a website not running their tracking code?