In my programming career I mainly used both C and C++ on DOS/Windows, SunOS, and Linux (with a side of Pascal and Python). Mostly C++ though.
C: Pre C++, C was it. (It was Borland's excellent Turbo C that got me going in C.) After C++ became available C was still what one used for device drivers and other system-level modules, and was the choice for FFI interfacing for languages such as Python.
C++: for userland layers of instrument control systems, user programs, GUIs, etc.
C++ offers a few very important advantages:
* Its object system allows for better abstraction facilities. For example, smart pointers were very useful in mitigating memory leaks. (I even wrote a smart pointer that--under a generalized pointer interface--specialized in allocating and managing DOS extended memory. Remember that shit? Doing the same in C was a PITA.)
* Later, template metaprogramming took this to a new level. Though C++ metaprogramming is not nearly as flexible as the ones in Lisps, it is still tremendously useful.
* The STL arose from both of these features, and provides a rich set of abstractions: queues, maps, trees, etc.
People did tend to overuse the OOP facilities (everything is an object!) but it's hard to overstate how useful OOP and metaprogramming can be. Use C++ unless there is a good reason to use C.
Given the choice between these I will probably pick C++ because of its feature that allows creation of higher level of abstractions. Abstractions are not just about "nice code", they are more about helping you think through complex problem.
I will choose C for one simple reason: less unnecessary overhead. In C++, a lot of additional stuff can be added to the binary after compilation, which makes it harder to fully control. With C, I get a clean binary right away, and that’s what I prefer.
C: Pre C++, C was it. (It was Borland's excellent Turbo C that got me going in C.) After C++ became available C was still what one used for device drivers and other system-level modules, and was the choice for FFI interfacing for languages such as Python.
C++: for userland layers of instrument control systems, user programs, GUIs, etc.
C++ offers a few very important advantages:
People did tend to overuse the OOP facilities (everything is an object!) but it's hard to overstate how useful OOP and metaprogramming can be. Use C++ unless there is a good reason to use C.