In addition to all the benefits others have mentioned, biggest benefit for me was that with uv you can easily bring your own build system (scikit-build-core in my case). Poetry comes with its own build system that didn't work for my needs and working around that was a massive pain and quite fragile. With uv I can use the build system that works best for me. On the whole uv is less opinionated than poetry. By default it will do sensible things, but if that thing doesn't work in your particular weird case, it is much easier to make uv work for you than poetry. Poetry gets very angry if you try to hold it wrong.