> > Surely there are infinite other possible explanations that fit the finite number of data points available
> If you think there are others, please exhibit one.
One easy process for generating infinite explanations that fit a finite number of data points is taking the simplest theory you have, and adding extra rules that don't affect any of the existing data points.
e.g., if the standard explanation for observations like red shift, CMB, the abundance of light elements, etc. is H² = (ȧ/a)² = (8πG/3)ρ - kc²/a² + Λc²/3,
One alternate explanation that fits all the data is H² = (ȧ/a)² = (8πG/3)ρ - kc²/a² + Λc²/3 + T, where T is the number of teacups in the asteroid belt. No observation has yet been made which would falsify this theory, and it fits the data just as well as the standard explanation. We reject it on the grounds of parsimony, not falsification.
One easy process for generating infinite explanations that fit a finite number of data points is taking the simplest theory you have, and adding extra rules that don't affect any of the existing data points.
e.g., if the standard explanation for observations like red shift, CMB, the abundance of light elements, etc. is H² = (ȧ/a)² = (8πG/3)ρ - kc²/a² + Λc²/3, One alternate explanation that fits all the data is H² = (ȧ/a)² = (8πG/3)ρ - kc²/a² + Λc²/3 + T, where T is the number of teacups in the asteroid belt. No observation has yet been made which would falsify this theory, and it fits the data just as well as the standard explanation. We reject it on the grounds of parsimony, not falsification.