Possibly, but I suspect it wont be that simple, and that the challenge will be finding something that not only interacts with the containment in a useful way, but does not further interact with the human body in a toxic or disruptive way.
Because most of the harmful effects of PFOAs seem to be due to it being an endocrine disruptor, which means it messes with any hormonal system. I'm wondering if there would be a higher probability for chemicals we identify to bind to it to also be some kind of endocrine disruptor or have a hormonal interaction due to the close chemical relationships... then again, if it's similarly disruptive but at least reduces the half life and allows the body to release it, then perhaps that doesn't matter long term. i.e a little bit more poison to allow your body to release all of the poison.
I'm totally unqualified to answer this question, biochemistry is extremely complex, just pointing out it's probably not that simple.
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Sorry I misread your comment as applying to the body. For the environment it's a different type of problem, the only known way to remove them is expensive indiscriminate filtering of water (i.e not specific to PFOA), reverse osmosis (basically using a huge amount of pressure). To actually destroy them is particularly difficult, short of shooting it into the Sun, but there has been progress there too:
