You can have only one en passant situation on the board at once. This means you can use 3 bits to encode the column for en passant, you check the board to evaluate the legality of the solution and discard if it isn't legal (this means you don't have to use a bit to encode whether it's possible as the encoder is guaranteed to be able to pick a column that it's not possible.)
I think we are both wrong. En passant only exists for one move, whatever has happened from captures is irrelevant. However, now I realize you can have two possible en passant captures at once--a pawn moves to 4th rank between two opposing pawns on the 4th rank.
Yes for each color. That means two pawns for each column can be in position to be captured en passant. And also two pawns can be in capturing position.
Edit: Column combined with whose turn it is will work, but not just column.