The term to google for is "insured cash sweep", but the specifics depend on the particular financial institution you work with. Instead of a single insurance provider, your cash is sharded behind the scenes among many member institutions. Here's one bank I picked at random from Google[0]. Brokerages like Schwab[1] and IBKR[2] also have a private insurer (both use Lloyd's of London) they offer as a service to customers.
[0] https://www.stearnsbank.com/personal/high-balance-deposit
[1] https://www.schwab.com/legal/sipc-account-protection
[2] https://ibkr.info/node/2012