Really? In the UK they provide free legal advice and accompany you to every meeting with your employer in any kind of HR dispute. Not sure about every union but definitely transport, teachers and actors.
That's not true. In individual cases you will often have a union rep/union lawyer available to you (for free) to help you deal with the employer/HR and help you assert your rights.
I was never bullied growing up because I always rolled with a crew who wouldn't hesitate to circle a threat. That's unions, they make you less likely to be an "isolated case".
Plainly wrong. One of the thing to do here when you have a personal issue with your company is telling your union that will pressure the company to comply.
For example, in the UK, the tube lines were brought to a screeching halt because TFL wanted to take disciplinary action against a driver that failed a breatherliser test. (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-31372269)