There is actually a very safe and free method to prevent obesity. It's called eating a healthy diet. Count calories and watch the pounds fall off. If you really want to speed up the process you can throw in some exercise.
Hunter and gatherer tribes don't count calories, yet they're not fat. Obesity took off in the 80s, yet availability of fast food wasn't suddenly forced upon us. Exercise is healthy, but your metabolism adapt to the amount of exercise you do by adjusting its basal metabolism. It's not that great of a tool for weight loss, but you should do it for health.
Anyway, I am speaking of this as a person who lost 32 lbs over the past four months without having to count a calories and who attempted to overcome basal metabolism adaptation by sheer high level of physical activities.
They asked for a shot, something that takes minutes, maybe an hour or two total of minimal effort. You’re prescribing something that takes a fair bit of effort over years. Just go get the vaccine.
How is something you need to actively do every day and has a significant impact on your QoL even comparable to a two time shot. Honestly it's very hard to take post like this seriously.
Yes eating a healthy diet and getting to a normal weight can have a huge positive impact on your QoL. We can do that along with vaccination; they aren't exclusive. And both will significantly reduce your COVID-19 risk.
What is hard for me to take seriously is that everyone just wants a pill or a shot to solve their problems. If you are obese, COVID is one of many things that could/will kill you. Every human has to eat but they have a choice to eat healthy or unhealthy foods. Just eat healthy and your obesity will go away.
It's not nearly that simple. See the Nova episode "The Truth About Fat" for a good summary of the current science. It may be available for free online here [1], although Nova episodes go in and out of free availability (unless you are a donor to a PBS station then I believe you can get them all).
There are whole societies that remains relatively lean. Pretty sure it's not a choice. It may be their food diet, or their chemical environment, or something else.
Note that the Hadza people, one of the most active people in the world, burn about the same amount of calories as sedentary population in Europe and the US.