No, you can't use the phrase "leads to this". It misinforms the reader because that's not exactly what the researchers wrote. We need to be super pedantic about this because they found correlations of personality traits but did not make the leap to say optimism, etc were the causes. For your linked article:
>"The findings suggest that superagers have unique personality profiles," Rogalski said, noting that they stood out for their optimism, resilience, and perseverance – as well as active and engaged lifestyles, marked by pursuits like travel, reading, and positive social relationships.
E.g. the same researcher also wrote about rare Von Economo neurons (VENs)[1] that exist in higher quantities in the elderly that don't have early dementia and Alzheimers. They don't know if those rare VENs are present at birth. This means it could be an candidate confounding variable that causes both the optimism/resilience and protection from dementia.
There needn't even be a confounding variable, the direction of causation may simply be reversed: not personality traits -> superager, but superager -> personality traits.
Sounds quite plausible to me that having a good memory at old age leads to a more active and engaged lifestyle leading to happy people that appear less neurotic and more extrovert.
No, you can't use the phrase "leads to this". It misinforms the reader because that's not exactly what the researchers wrote. We need to be super pedantic about this because they found correlations of personality traits but did not make the leap to say optimism, etc were the causes. For your linked article:
>"The findings suggest that superagers have unique personality profiles," Rogalski said, noting that they stood out for their optimism, resilience, and perseverance – as well as active and engaged lifestyles, marked by pursuits like travel, reading, and positive social relationships.
There may be another hidden confounding variable that leads to both the optimism and the superager memory performance. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding)
E.g. the same researcher also wrote about rare Von Economo neurons (VENs)[1] that exist in higher quantities in the elderly that don't have early dementia and Alzheimers. They don't know if those rare VENs are present at birth. This means it could be an candidate confounding variable that causes both the optimism/resilience and protection from dementia.
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5801202/