There's a lot of mystery even among those directly studying Gutenberg, exactly what he invented. There's some evidence that he didn't actually have character-based movable type at all, but was casting slugs of type for each line using punches to set the characters in a larger mold (I'm going on 25-year-old memories of an article I read in maybe Printing History). What is certain is that post-Gutenberg, punch-cutting to make matrices to cast individual characters and wooden printing presses spread across Europe pretty quickly. The press remained pretty much unchanged until the invention of the iron printing press in the early nineteenth century, followed by a flurry of improvements in the coming decades including cylindrical presses and stereotype printing. Typecasting remained largely unchanged until almost the twentieth century when there were the trio of inventions of the Monotype and Linotype casters which combined typesetting and typecasting and the pantographic engraving process which allowed designers to directly engrave matrices using a larger representation of the character rather than having to manually carve the letter at the actual printing size.