Great summary! At the end you mention the difficulty extrapolating beyond an HH neuron model. I think curious readers will find the work of Jim Smith (https://fcrc.acm.org/plenary-speakers/james-e-smith-plenary) interesting in this regard. His work starts with the possible information representation scheme (temporal coding <=> binary coding) and a compute unit (SRM0 neuron <=> transistor) and builds up the equivalent of Boolean logic/algebra from there.

As opposed to a neuroscientist understanding a processor, Jim is a computer architect using his techniques to understand the brain.