> Now to find out what kind of applications are greatly benefited from this.

The common applications are scientific computing usually, here's a quick overview[1] of the kind of algorithms ran on supercomputers: PDEs, ODEs, FFTs, Sparse and Dense linear algebra, etc.

These are usually used for scientific applications like weather forecasting, where you need to know about the result on time (i.e. before the hurricane reaches the coast!)

[1] https://www.nap.edu/read/11148/chapter/7#125

I'll scrape the whole book and read it. Thanks! I know weather models still do it on supercomuters but understood the currently have plenty.

I look forward to reading the book.