Yes, generally 25%, 15% for food stuff and 10% for cultural stuff.

Income is taxed with 25% up to 164K NOK (about 20K USD), maximum income tax is 39,25% for everyone earning more than about 950K NOK (about 119K USD). But there's lots of deductions, so it's not too bad.

Do employers pay taxes on their labor as well?

Yes, between 0 and 14% depeding on sector and where in the country you are. This tax is going into the national insurance system called "folketrygden" which is what finance most of the welfare state (the parts that pays out money directly at at least).

Not just wages -- IIUIC, CA doesn't distinguish wage vs other kinds of income.