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Remember the trademark fights between Apple Music (Beatles) and Apple Computer? Interesting history.

Sosumi!

A fascinating learning machine without a computer.


Take a look at floppy disk controllers like the AppleSauce, Greaseweazle, and Kryoflux for preserving floppies by recording at the flux-transition level.


lilo


Why did the programmer set up his Christmas tree on Halloween?

Because OCT 31 == DEC 25


Do you know what 38,400 is in hex? 0x9600. That was a fun uart debug session.


The Apple II had a non-linear layout of video memory, so programmer Jordan Mechner used a layer of indirection where he had an array of pointers to rows of screen memory.

They realized that inverting the screen was as simple as inverting the row-pointer array. Then they managed to convince Broderbund to ship a double-sided floppy with that change in the software.


There were a series of graphics adapters that started with the IBM PC:

MDA = Monochrome Display Adapter (text only) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Monochrome_Display_Adapter

CGA = Color Graphics Adapter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter

EGA = Enhanced Graphics Adapter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter

VGA = Video Graphics Array https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array

With some others like the Hercules which was MDA upward-compatible and did graphics as well as text.

They didn't really do any graphics "processing"; just displaying memory-mapped pixels in various formats.

They were memory-mapped, and the MDA used a different memory block than the CGA/EGA/VGA, so you could have two separate monitors simultaneously, doing things lke running something like Turbo Debugger on the MDA text display.


On the tic tac toe topic, MENACE is just startlingly cool:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchbox_Educable_Noughts_and_...


What might a programming language designed specifically as a UI for coding agents look like?

Serious (germ of a) question.


> What might a programming language designed specifically as a UI for coding agents look like?

A bad idea, probably. LLM output needs to be reviewed very carefully; optimizing the language away from human review would probably make the process more expensive. Also, where would the training data in such a language come from?


So then a programming language designed explicitly for coding languages would need to take human reviews into account, what is the most efficient and concise ways to express programming concepts then?

In the end, we circle back to lisps, once you're used to it, it's as easy for humans to parse as it is for machines to parse it. Shame LLMs struggle with special characters.


Surely lisps don't have drastically more special characters as other languages? A few more parens, sure, but less curly braces, commas, semicolons, etc

Also feels like making sure the tokeniser has distinct tokens for left/right parens would be all that is required to make LLMs work with them


Don't get me wrong, they do work with lisps already, had plenty of success having various LLMs creating and managing Clojure code, so we aren't that far off.

But I'm having way more "unbalanced parenthesis" errors than with Algol-like languages. Not sure if it's because of lack of training data, post-training or just needing special tokens in the tokenizer, but there is a notable difference today.


> once you're used to it

> shame LLMs struggle

That sounds like Stockholm syndrome more than an easy-to-use language.


Yeah, makes sense it sounds like that. But the crux is probably that most of us learned programming via Algol-like languages, like C or PHP, and only after decades of programming did we start looking into lisps.

But don't take my word for it, ask the programmers around you for the ones who've been looking into lisps and ask them how they feel about it.


I don’t think that would be a real issue in practice. Coding LLMs need to be able to cope with complicated expressions in many languages. If they can produce legitimate code for other languages, they can be taught to cope with s-expressions.

edit: Lisp -> s-expressions


Until such a point where have agents not trained on human language or programming languages, I think something that’s also really good for people as well. - one obvious way to do things

- memory safe, thread safe, concurrency safe, cancellation safe

- locality of reasoning, no spooky action at a distance

- tests as a first class feature of the language

- a quality standard library / reliable dependency ecosystem

- can compile, type check, lint, run tests, in a single command

- can reliably mock everything, either with effects or something else, such that again we maintain locality of reasoning

The old saying that a complex system that works is made up of simple systems that work applies. A language where you can get the small systems working, tested, and then built upon. Because all of these things with towards minimising the context needed to iterate, and reducing the feedback loop of iteration.


If true ASI ever materializes, JVM bytecode.


This is the correct answer. Why wouldn’t an actual AI just generate raw, fully optimized executables for production?


You're contradicting yourself. Raw, fully optimized executables for production would mean machine code for the target platform, not an intermediate bytecode that still requires a VM.


Not really, it would be one of the steps in the chain between design and implementation for a specific hardware platform. That is, unless that code is only ever to run on a single hardware platform, a rare occurrence outside of embedded applications.


The same reason an actual AI wouldn't play chess by brute forcing every possible position. Intelligent systems are about reasoning, not simply computing, and that requires operating at the level of abstraction where your intelligence is most effective.


Neil Armstrong (technically his spacesuit, presumably with him inside) was on the 2002 Ohio quarter.


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