S3 is not a database, but that's not the point. As explained by Capital One, the attacker gained access through a misconfigured web app. This could have happened on any platform (on-premise or cloud), and the underlying AWS services weren't compromised in any way.
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FPGAs have been used in the industry for decades, basically every time you need high throughput and/or very low latencies and you don't have the volume to justify making an ASIC then FPGAs and CPLDs are the way to go.
The article is not really talking about that though, it's more about having FPGAs in mainstream desktop computers. This is still far from a reality, even if Intel seems to be pushing for it.
I mean, I know, I've professionally written HDL for FPGAs.
My point is that back then (a decade or so ago and farther back) it was relegated to low volume, high margin products, explicitly as a replacement for an ASIC. This was due to the cost of the FPGAs.
The point of this article is that by embracing the reprogrammable nature, they'll make their way into places that in fact have the volumes required for an ASIC (which might not be nearly as big as you might think), but choose an FPGA anyway in order to reconfigure out in the field. We are starting to see this and I'm seeing fairly cheap consumer electronics positions (ie. products in the range of a hundred or so dollars) asking for HDL experience more and more in my area.
Maybe the only one market segment where FPGAs aren't in wide use yet is desktop computers. iPhone 7 has iCE5LP4K inside, AWS provide FPGA-based instances, and Microsoft have even FPGA-powered NICs. https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/01/08/azure_fpga_nics/
I'm interested in seeing some examples of their use in consumer electronics. I think this article would be a lot more compelling if it had a section on "You've already bought one if you have a (hypothetically) Roomba vaccum/ Tesla Model S/ Thinkpad laptop/ Ubiquiti router." I'm pretty sure most of those don't have FPGAs, but would be curious to see a list of things which do. I am by no means a representative consumer, but I know there's an FPGA in my:
- Rigol oscilloscope
- National Instruments DAQ equipment
- Mecco laser cutter
- DJI drone
Any others where I might not have taken it apart and seen the big QFP with "Xilinx" or "Altera" on the circuit board would be interesting!
The iPhone 7 has a iCE5LP4K. Those little CPLDs (which are full FPGAs these days, but fighting that terminology seems to be a losing battle) are in everything. Which is fair, they're fantastic power sequencing controllers and great for coalescing I2C and SPI buses into something more easily consumed by the application processor. Think an FPGA that constantly polls sensors, wrapping their chip specific format in a way that let's them filter on the CPLD and only wake up the application processor when something interesting happens.
The Model S has at least one FPGA, as do some of Ubiquiti's products. I don't know about the Thinkpad, but Apple has used cheap Lattice FPGAs for interfacing between different hardware components. Macbook Pros have used them in the past (IIRC for driving the display and interfacing with the battery), as have iPhones.
