Sadly, their entire business is built on paywalling content the community built and distributed for free.

CSF sampling is a routine investigation in most hospitals. We don't typically see bacteria in these samples, when we do, its in the form of bacterial meningitis, hence the skepticism.

I'm a doctor training in anaesthesia. The idea with epidurals is to introduce local anaesthetic outside the compartment where the spinal cord is, literally epi-- --durally.

To sample the CSF, or to give a spinal anaesthetic, the needle needs to be introduced into the subarachnoid (one of the membranes that surrounds the central nervous system) space, but at a level below where the spinal cord has terminated. This is why they're done in the lower back typically.

Bending over is a totally legitimate way to perform them, and doesn't really alter the complication rate, while making the procedure easier. Also, there isn't really any realistic option to perform them in real time with imaging guidance. The author is right in that larger cutting needles are associated with increased rates of PDPH.

Hi there, thank you for the comment. Yes, bending over is a legitimate way to perform them, but some leak experts theorize that it can contribute to additional issues (e.g. an arachnoid bleb, which needs surgical intervention as EBPs won't suffice for treatment).

I was thinking the exact same thing last month[1]! It's really interesting what the implications of this might be, and how valuable human-derived content might become. There's still this idea of model collapse, whereby the output of LLMs trained repeatedly on artificial content descends into what we think is gibberish, so however realistic ChatGPT appears, there are still significant differences between its writing and ours.

[1]: https://www.glfharris.com/posts/2024/low-background-lexicogr...

I suppose that's where things like tip jars work quite well. To reward useful but otherwise niche content.

is tip jars an actual software solutions for tipping? I'm wondering what is most commonly used for tipping websites/content?

I'd imagine there's a lot of undesirable friction in "tipping" online (clicking a link, filling out a credit card form, etc.) that a tip jar in a cash-based society never had.

> I'm wondering what is most commonly used for tipping websites/content?

Probably something like ko-fi.com. I have it on my sites, but no one has ever tipped (besides my girlfriend, haha). I imagine other people do get tips via kofi, though.

It's very similar in the UK. Most estate agents will use a third party these days, but the amount of information you have to hand over is ridiculous.

Totally does work, lots of spacecraft use reaction wheels to control attitude.

There are lots of ways things don't work. The plumbing can be connected up wrong or the pumps can not work.

He's a pathologist, so if he has removed someone's appendix they'd probably be dead. Pedantry aside, your point still stands.

I've done a fair number of autopsies and have never even heard of someone ending up on the autopsy table secondary to an appendectomy. I'm sure it's happened, but, on balance, if the docs say you need an appendectomy, they're probably right.

Just making a dumb joke that if it's the pathologist that's the person removing an appendix, they're probably dead already.

Interesting, I saw the same!