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I don't think that's an accurate representation of what the estimates are at the link. In particular, the linked page lists undergraduate tuition and fees at $45014/academic year, living expenses at $2100/month (x9 months, leading to $18900/academic year) totaling to $63914 combined tuition+fees+estimated living expenses.


You may be interested in Turing's Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe, by George Dyson. Some additional discussion which you may find relevant is also available at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6979671.


It may seem a bit silly to add this, but I think it is good to link the reference for those who may not have seen it before:

Even compiling from source, one also has to trust the compiler...

(see, e.g. the classic http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/ken/trust.html, pdf version at https://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ganger/712.fall02/papers/p761-thomp...)


And then you have to trust the OS. And the machine... Unless you build you computer yourself from silicon, you're not going to get rid of trust.


> Unless you build you computer yourself from silicon

And the chip design, and the fab control software, and the tools that make the tools that make the tools. And descrete components won't help you because transistors are large enough to conceal a mircocontroler emulating a transistor and listening for high-frequency handshake signals.

Relays are probably safe since you can make those yourself out of iron and copper (rods, springs and wire), and conveniently those are the same things you need to build motors!

You're still probably screwed though.


To make an omelette, first you have to create the universe!


Carl Sagans Cookbook series: How to bake an apple pie from scratch -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7s664NsLeFM



There is a simple antidote to this problem, as long as you have 1) the source code to the compiler you suspect of being bad, and 2) a second compiler (binary only), written by someone who is not friends with the first one. For instance, if you want to verify that gcc is not evil, you need the gcc source, and MS Visual C++. The basic idea is summarized by Bruce Schnier here: https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/01/countering_tr...


One thing which might be of (tangential) interest here is the novel The Songs of Distant Earth, by Arthur C. Clarke, where the replenishment of this sort of ice buffer plays a prominent role in the plot.


It is easy if you have antigravity.

On a side note, I was surprised at his attempt at a romance novel. I was pretty good, but too long.


Perhaps also of interest in this context is the work of Gordon Novak (http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/novak/) in the 1970s, related to AI/NLP interpretation of elementary physics problems [1].

[1] http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/novak/ijcai77.html


As far as I am aware, Apple does not seem to have a policy preventing this type of work. There was a fairly well-publicized release of an experimental codebase from Ericsson:

http://labs.ericsson.com/apps/bowser,

which has since been retired (although as far as I know, not due to any conflict with Apple):

http://labs.ericsson.com/blog/retiring-bowser.


A quick way to apparently find hardware model/revision information (OSX 10.8.5):

Select "About this Mac" from the apple menu, and click on "More info..."

Click on "System Report" and select the SATA/SATAExpress page. Model and revision numbers for each installed hard drive appear to be reported here.

(edit: presumably drives connected via USB are similarly described in the appropriate page of the diagnostics/report)


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