Eating excessive saturated fat is what your liver turns into too much "bad cholesterol" and what you need to watch if you're having cholesterol problems. Cholesterol in food doesn't usually translate to you having more cholesterol in your blood.
I would have to go dig up the source for this, but I believe that genetics play a role on how your body handles dietary cholestrol. For many it's not a problem, but for some it is.
Yeah, it's that and the relationship between dietary cholesterol and serum cholesterol isn't linear - once you're consuming a certain amount of dietary cholesterol, adding more doesn't make much difference to serum cholesterol.
So for some individuals with a super clean, low cholesterol diet, adding dietary cholesterol would significantly impact their serum cholesterol. But for many (arguably most), it won't make much of a difference, which is one of the reasons DC has moved down in importance in dietary guidelines.
> What this code does is read an index file that contains the list of R packages from CRAN, and subsequently download the description files of the first 200 packages to the user home directory (which is actually a virtual filesystem in WebR [1]).
> [1] https://docs.r-wasm.org/webr/latest/mounting.html
So I think it's a virtual filesystem in browser memory.
You're thinking of memoization, which is related to but distinct from DP. Memoization is "top down", DP is "bottom up". DP generally has better space complexity (memory requirements). For example, for a function that computers the Fibonacci sequence, space complexity with memoization is O(n), vs O(1) with DP.
Both top down and bottom up approaches can be used with dynamic programming. DP is about how you approach solving a problem by breaking it into subproblems (see the term used, "optimal substructure"). Whether you use that information for a top-down (often memoized) solution or a bottom-up solution is a choice for the implementor (and which depends on how you're using your solver and solutions).
If you need to solve one problem, bottom-up is often most efficient. But if you need to solve many related problems (say trialing many different initial conditions) then you may want the memoized solution.
Fibonacci is a bad example because it relies on the linearity of `prev + current` to be O(1) memory complexity. A lot of divide-and-conquer schemes exploit symmetry and linearity of their internals but if the operation is nonlinear then it requires memoization/caching.
On that note, I really struggle to understand what's special about "bottom up" versus "top down" DP or what categorizes it as unique from any other algorithms.
Bottom-up solutions to DP problems allow you, if the structure permits, to throw away parts of the full table. This is more memory efficient. Or, you could build the table bottom-up which avoids the repeated verification step in memoized, top-down solutions because when you reach an entry that isn't filled, you know that its related subproblems have already been computed and cached.
Someone posted an Euler problem with finding the maximal sum along any path (binary choice at each step) down a pyramid. The bottom-up solution only ever generates a "cache" of row elements (starting the row count from 1). The 100th row has 100 elements. When you go up to the 99th row you only need 99 elements by the end of calculating it, and so on. This is more efficient in memory than the n*(n+1)/2 (approx.) elements you'd need doing a top-down recursive, memoized version. Though in that case it's not awful on modern computers, it is a consideration for complex and large problems.
The bottom-up version also lends itself to not needing to bring the entire pyramid into memory, only one row + the cache at a time so you only have |row| + |row| + 1 items in memory at any given time (plus some temp variables or index variables). Again, it can be very memory efficient. Technically, you don't even need the entire current row in memory, only one element of it and then read each new element as you step across the row which further reduces the memory overhead.
With regard to building a full table, I realize Fib is a poor example in general but it is illustrative and fits in a comment. Let's say you memoize the naive version, then you have to include this check either before the recursive calls or at the start of each call:
if n in FIB: # either return if at top of the function, or retrieve rather than make the recursive call
This is unneeded if you build the table bottom-up:
def fib_bottom_up(n):
FIB = {1: 0, 2: 1}
i = 3
while i <= n:
FIB[i] = FIB[i - 1] + FIB[i - 2]
return FIB
Bottom-up construction of the table skips those checks which can add up for larger table constructions, or if you're building up many different tables. Consider a more complex optimization problem where different initial parameters result in different tables being generated (but by the same method). This bottom-up approach will be more efficient than the top-down approach.
Of course, a benefit for top-down is when an input only needs some subset of the table. If the generated table will be sparse, but may not be easily constructed in a sparse manner bottom-up, then top-down can be better.
For the record, nobody says or believes this. We believe one should be free to change their gender, eg a woman should be free to live as a (trans) man. That's an entirely different thing than saying the man/woman dichotomy doesn't exist.
That was, of course, a little bit of an exaggeration just to paint a picture. And it was not that important to the overall argument, that's why I formulated it so lazily (I wanted to sum things up in few words).
However if we'd go in there, I think there are many people on this side of the argument that really believe/push the extreme version of this. Atleast that's my impression. But since we had for example biological males competing with biological females in strenght-based sports, I'd say this impression is not that inaccurate.
That is, atleast for me personally, an insane thing. Even though I personally fully believe that trans person should be able to live freely their live, I think there are some limitations simply because of that dichotomy and sports are one of those few examples of things trans person should not automatically be able to do and it should be strictly on the case-by-case basis.
But maybe I'm wrong - I'm of course very open discussing other points of view. These sensitive topics are rarely discussed in a civil manner online, so I'd be honestly glad to do so, because I really want to try & understand what drives people on this side of the argument.
I also wish there were more compact options, but the Pixel 8 is 71mm wide and you can unlock the bootloader. And if you're gonna run a custom ROM, the Pixel 5 is still a decent option.
True, but if you don't want to give your money to google or use anything from them (why would I need custom ROM?), then your options are quite limited.
This! Whenever I mention that to me fancy light roasts taste sour, the response is almost always puzzlement, even from those who prefer dark roasts. Nice to know it's not just me.
Given the choice between glass or stainless steel, I'd still go with glass because it's easier to directly see dirty spots that you may have missed when scrubbing with the bottle brush and also because there's no risk of corrosion from bleach or other cleaning agents if bacteria/mold does start growing inside. If you're really thorough with cleaning and disciplined about doing it regularly, those might not be considerations.
[EDIT] I'd also give the nod to glass if you like flavorants with your water. I sometimes use a bit of lemon juice powder (not lemonade drink mix, that's something different; lemon juice powder is lemon juice that has been dehydrated with no additives) and stainless steel can develop corrosion pits from mildly acidic liquids over time.
I believe stainless steel has a slight anti-microbial property not present in glass.
Either way, both are far better than plastic. Plastic has no such anti-microbial effect AND tends to scratch from cleaning which makes wonderful footholds for bacteria. Further, because plastic is a hydrocarbon it is a potential food source for bacteria and fungus.
Even if the bacteria/fungus is harmless, you are looking at ingesting a bunch of plastic as it starts to degrade.
It's a deliriant, not a disassociative. Worth mentioning the trip is said to be deeply unpleasant, and also the plant is poisonous.
But yeah I too find it interesting how a drug can seemingly yield the same specific hallucination in different people. See also spiders and DPH (another deliriant).
It was very easy to buy in Russia and neighboring countries up until 2012 or so. I've never used it (chickened out of trying out something like that), but there are tons of stories from more adventurous people.
Alexander doesn't like sky scrapers, but he absolutely does not advocate for suburbia, at least not the the car-dependent hellscape you presumably have in mind.
You can archive considerable density without skyscrapers. In fact we've been building vibrant, walkable cities without skyscrapers for most of history.
Can you expand on this? I don't understand.